11/15/2023 0 Comments Diogenes laertius ethics![]() Human action, then, is to a great extent rational. The most important difference is that humans have the power of assent both to presentations and to impulses: each can lead us astray. However, because they are located in the leading part of the human soul, presentations and impulses are under the control of human reason. In a sense, presentations and impulses are primordial, for all animals have them. It is the seat of "presentations and impulses, and from it rational discourse is emitted" (Diogenes Laertius Lives of Eminent Philosophers, 7.159 ). It is the leading part which is relevant to ethics. The "leading part" ( hegemonikon) of the soul, which is the rational part, is found in the heart, and the other parts radiate out from it like the tentacles of an octopus for example, the visual part of the soul connects the heart with the eyes, the reproductive part connects it with the reproductive organs, etc. ![]() The parts of the soul are to be found in different parts of the body. The soul is just as corporeal as is the body, and indeed it penetrates or thoroughly intermixes with the body. As an animal, a human being has a body and a soul. ![]() The Stoics claimed that the human being is a rational animal. The Psycho-Physical Foundations of Ethics ![]() Their theory is naturalistic, in the sense that every evaluative claim they make is based entirely on their conception of the natural constitution of the human being. Moreover, both the Stoics and the Epicureans tried to answer that question by appealing to humans as natural beings. The ultimate concern of the Stoics, as with the Epicureans, was the question of how life ought to be lived. The Stoic logic (including epistemology) and physics are a prelude to their ethical theory. Philosophy 143 Lecture Notes: Stoic Ethics Philosophy 143 Lecture Notes The Ethics of the Stoics ![]()
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